The Greek island of Rhodes is a sunny place. So much so that the ancient Rhodians built a colossal statue to the sun god Helios – the mighty Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. When one travels to Greece or study Greek mythology, they are sure to encounter stories of the Greek god, Helios, called the God of the Sun. In Greek mythology, Helios is the offspring of the titans Hyperion and Theia, and his sisters were Selene (the Moon) and Eos (Dawn). These quick facts will help you get to know more about Helios. Often represented as a handsome youth with a rayed headdress indicates his solar attributes. Helios, sometimes called Titan drives a chariot daily from east to west across the sky, sailing around the northerly stream of Ocean each night in a huge cup. Helios rises from a golden palace beneath the sea and drives his fiery chariot across the sky every day, providing daylight. Once he let his son Phaeton drive his chariot, but Phaeton lost control of the vehicle and plunged to his death.
நல்லறங்கள்
கூறும் மணிமேகலை காப்பியத்தின் நுழைவாயில் “பதிகம்” எனப்படும் முதல் அத்தியாயம்:
இளங் கதிர் ஞாயிறு எள்ளும் தோற்றத்து - விளங்கு ஒளி மேனி விரி சடையாட்டி
பொன் திகழ் நெடு வரை உச்சித் தோன்றி.. .. ...
செந்நிறம் கொண்ட சூரியனைத் தோற்கும் அளவுக்கு பேரொளி மின்னும் உடலும், விரிந்த சடையும் கொண்ட “சம்பு” என்னும் தேவதை, சீத்தலைச் சாத்தனார் முன்கதைச் சுருக்கமாக புலவர் இளங்கோ அடிகளிடம் சொல்வதாக அமைந்துள்ளது இப்பகுதியில் பூம்புகார் நகரின் புகழ் கூறுகிறார் சாத்தனார். இந்த பதிவு மணிமேகலை அல்லது சம்பு தேவதை புகழ் பாடுவது அல்ல !.
நாம் அனுதினமும் காலையில் காணும் பெரிய சிகப்பு பிழம்பாம் சூரியனுக்கு பற்பல பெயர்கள் உண்டு : அவற்றில் சில : ஆதவன், ஆதித்தன், கதிரவன், ஞாயிறு, பகலவன், எல்லி, கனலி, வெய்யோன், தினகரன், தினமணி, பானு, உதயன், அருணன், இரவி, அருக்கன், பரிதி. .. கதிரவன் அல்லது சூரியன் (Sun) என்பது கதிரவ அமைப்பின் மையத்தில் உள்ள விண்மீன் ஆகும். இது கிட்டத்தட்ட கோள வடிவில் இருக்கும் சூடான பிளாசுமா ஆகும். இதன் உட்புற வெப்பச்சலன இயக்கமானது இயக்கவியல் செயல்முறை மூலம் காந்தப்புலத்தை உருவாக்குகிறது. புவியில் உயிர்கள் வாழ்வதற்கான ஆற்றல் மூலம் கதிரவன் தான்.
சூரிய பகவான் தன் ரதத்தில் தினமும் சுற்றி திரும்பும் நேரமே ஒருநாள். சூரிய பகவான் ஒரு முகூர்த்த காலத்தில் 27,206,400 மைல்கள் சஞ்சரிக்கும் வல்லமை உடையவர். கருடனின் சகோதரரான அருணனே சூரிய பகவானின் தேர்ப்பாகனாக திகழ்கிறார். அறுபதாயிரம் வால்கிய முனிவர்கள் தினமும் சூரியன் வலம் வரும் பாதையில் அவரை தரிசிக்கின்றனர். காயத்ரி, ப்ரஹதி, உஷ்ணிக், ஜகதி, திருஷ்டுப், அனுஷ்டுப், பங்க்தி என்கிற ஏழு குதிரைகள் சூரியனின் ரதத்தை இழுத்துச் செல்கின்றன.
Today, 8th Feb 2922 (26th day of Thai masam) is Ratha Sapthami. Ratha means chariot & Sapthami is a thithi in a lunar month falling on the 7th day of both sukla and Krishna paksha. Ratha Sapthami also Surya Jayanthi is celebrated on 7th day after Thai Amavasai- Shukla paksha (waxing phase of moon) dedicated to God Surya.
Compared with the billions of other stars in the Universe, it is remarkable. It is infact a ball of gas (92.1 percent hydrogen and 7.8 percent helium) held together by its own gravity. It is 4,500,000,000 years old! That's a lot of zeroes. That’s four and a half billion. Going by what others do, i.e., burning for about nine or 10 billion years – it can be said tobe halfway through its life. So no worries, it still has about 5,000,000,000—five billion (500 crores !)—years to go. It is the SUN.
Science is very interesting ! - When those five billion years are up, the Sun will become a red giant. That means the Sun will get bigger and cooler at the same time. When that happens, it will be different than the Sun we know today. As a red giant, our Sun will become about 2,000 times brighter than it is now! The Sun, at the heart of our solar system, is a yellow dwarf star, a hot ball of glowing gases. Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris in its orbit. In what is being considered a particularly rare event, scientists are projecting that the Sun will be an unusually cool customer by the year 2050. By combining data and observations from decades of Sun research, experts are predicting a “Grand Solar Minimum” will occur a few decades from now, making our parent star dimmer and cooler than it has been for a very long time. Though to the common man, the Sun would continue to look the same way as we have seen, Sun goes through regular cycles of solar minimums and solar maximums, and that way, a particularly cool solar minimum is on the way.
It is believed that earth’s inclination towards the sun is the steepest on Ratha sapthami day. At some regions, special bathing rituals are observed. Surya (Sun) worship is deep rooted in the Vedas and other Hindu scriptures. The day is celebrated as the birth of Surya to Sage Kashyapa and his wife Aditi and celebrated as Surya Jayanthi in many parts. Legend has it that the greatest warrior Bhishma breathed last the day after the Ratha Sapthami day. The Pithamaha is one the greatest characters in the Epic Mahabaratha and the asthami is revered as “Bhishmaashtami”.
The Sun god is driven by a seven-horsed Chariot depicting the seven days of the week. Going by Upanishad, their names are : Gayatri, Brhati, Usnik, Jagati, Tristup, Anustup and Pankti. The charioteer of Surya is Aruna, who is also personified as the redness that accompanies the sunlight in dawn and dusk. Aruna was born to Vinatai and Sage Kashyapa….. the other son is the most illustrious Periya Thiruvadi (Sri Garuda Azhwar) ~ to Aruna was born Jatayu and Sampati, who are mentioned in the epic Ramayana. The chariot of Sun travels at a speed of 3,400,800 yojanas calculated as 27,206,400 miles in a muhurtha.
Uttarayana is the six month period between Makara sankranti (Jan 14) and July 14 when Sun travels towards North in the celestial sphere. Ratha saptami marks the seventh day following the Sun’s northerly movement of vernal equinox starting from Capricorn (Makara). A journey from Makara rekai to Kadaka rekai – Capricorn to Cancer. Ratha Sapthami symbolically represents the Sun God Surya turning his Ratha (chariot) drawn by seven horses towards northern hemisphere in a north-easterly direction.
Traditionally in villages, Rangoli kolam is drawn with coloured rice powder depicting Chariot drawn by horses. From today, the days would get warmer, especially in South India. This is an important annual festival at Vaishnavaite temples. At holy Thirumala, there would be purappadu of Uthsavar Malaiappar in 7 vahanas as also in Thiruneermalai and Thirumylai Sri Kesava Perumal thirukkovil. In Kanchi, and other divyadesams - there will be purappadu in the morning in Surya Prabhai and in the evening Chandra Prabhai. At Thiruvallikkeni, there was Suryaprabhai purappadu this morning. Here are some photos of the grand purappadu : -
பெயரும் கருங் கடலே நோக்குமாறு*, ஒண்பூ
உயரும் கதிரவனே நோக்கும்* -உயிரும்
தருமனையே நோக்கும் ஒண் தாமரையாள் கேள்வன்*
ஒருவனையே நோக்கும் உணர்வு.
: [முதல் திருவந்தாதி – பொய்கைப்பிரான்]
The rivers flow towards the mighty Ocean; lotus blossoms towards the direction of the Sun; all that is born eventually reach the lord of death ~ for us Srivaishnavaites, the only goal of realisation is the golden feet of the consort of Mahalakshmi - Sriman Narayana.
~ adiyen Srinivasa dhasan
Mamandur Veeravalli Srinivasan Sampathkumar
8th Feb 2022.
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